Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that affects communication, connection, and behavior in public places. The condition can be lifelong and varies in severity. With symptoms typically appearing in early childhood. Despite extensive research, the exact causes of autism remain unclear. However, scientific knowledge has determined that a combination of genetic, environmental, and neural connections contribute significantly to its development.
Definition of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how people view, communicate, interact, and socialise with others. It is also called a spectrum because it has a wide range of symptoms and severity, affecting each individual differently. Autism is not a disease, but a condition that shapes the way a person thinks, feels, and reacts to the things around them.
How Autism Occurs?
Genetic factors
Genetic factors mentioned to traits and conditions that are passed from parents to children through DNA. In autism, specific genetic variations or changes affect brain growth and functioning, producing ASD features.
Neurological Factors
Neurological factors depend on the structure, function and connectivity of the brain. This affects behavior and cognition, and differences in brain growth and activity in autism contribute to ASD symptoms.
Environmental Factors
Environmental factors refer to outside factors that affect brain growth. Although not alone in causing autism, it interacts with genetic and neurological factors.
How Does Autism Develop?
ASD usually appears in early childhood. The exact mechanisms behind autism development are still under research but are broadly believed to involve genetic and environmental factors. Autism affects the way the brain processes messages, which leads to differences in communication and behaviour in public places.
- Some children stop talking by the age of 12 months, some stop speaking words by the age of 16 months, and some stop using words by the age of 24 months.
- Infants avoid eye contact and show little interest in conversation.
- Children suffering from autism do not show their own name and reaction, do not smile at those who observe them or do not show interest in playing with others.
- Children may focus on certain things such as spinning wheels or toys arranged in a row.
- They suddenly get disturbed from their daily routine, which may lead to mental stress or anxiety.
Autism Management and Treatment
Management of ASD involves a mixture of treatment and support systems designed for the individual needs. Behavioural therapies, such as applied behavior analysis (ABA) help improve social skills, communication, and adaptive behaviour. Speech therapy promotes language development, while occupational therapy improves motor skills and daily functioning. Families play an important role in supporting autistic people, and caregiver training offers necessary coping strategies. Early intervention and continued therapy significantly improve the quality of life for people with autism, provide a feeling of independence and encourage social integration.
Conclusion
Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that is influenced by genetic, neurological, and environmental factors. Early diagnosis and intervention improve the quality of life. Increasing awareness increases acceptance and support for people with autism. The aim of the ongoing effort is to provide more information about the cause, which can lead to better treatment and understanding in the future.
